/*
  ==============================================================================

   This file is part of the JUCE framework.
   Copyright (c) Raw Material Software Limited

   JUCE is an open source framework subject to commercial or open source
   licensing.

   By downloading, installing, or using the JUCE framework, or combining the
   JUCE framework with any other source code, object code, content or any other
   copyrightable work, you agree to the terms of the JUCE End User Licence
   Agreement, and all incorporated terms including the JUCE Privacy Policy and
   the JUCE Website Terms of Service, as applicable, which will bind you. If you
   do not agree to the terms of these agreements, we will not license the JUCE
   framework to you, and you must discontinue the installation or download
   process and cease use of the JUCE framework.

   JUCE End User Licence Agreement: https://juce.com/legal/juce-8-licence/
   JUCE Privacy Policy: https://juce.com/juce-privacy-policy
   JUCE Website Terms of Service: https://juce.com/juce-website-terms-of-service/

   Or:

   You may also use this code under the terms of the AGPLv3:
   https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html

   THE JUCE FRAMEWORK IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY, AND ALL
   WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WARRANTY OF
   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, ARE DISCLAIMED.

  ==============================================================================
*/

namespace juce
{

JUCE_BEGIN_IGNORE_WARNINGS_GCC_LIKE ("-Wlanguage-extension-token")

#ifndef JUCE_WASAPI_LOGGING
 #define JUCE_WASAPI_LOGGING 0
#endif

//==============================================================================
namespace WasapiClasses
{

static void logFailure ([[maybe_unused]] HRESULT hr)
{
    jassert (hr != (HRESULT) 0x800401f0); // If you hit this, it means you're trying to call from
                                          // a thread which hasn't been initialised with CoInitialize().

   #if JUCE_WASAPI_LOGGING
    if (FAILED (hr))
    {
        const char* m = nullptr;

        switch (hr)
        {
            case E_POINTER:     m = "E_POINTER"; break;
            case E_INVALIDARG:  m = "E_INVALIDARG"; break;
            case E_NOINTERFACE: m = "E_NOINTERFACE"; break;

            #define JUCE_WASAPI_ERR(desc, n) \
                case MAKE_HRESULT(1, 0x889, n): m = #desc; break;

            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_NOT_INITIALIZED, 0x001)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_ALREADY_INITIALIZED, 0x002)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_WRONG_ENDPOINT_TYPE, 0x003)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_DEVICE_INVALIDATED, 0x004)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_NOT_STOPPED, 0x005)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_TOO_LARGE, 0x006)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_OUT_OF_ORDER, 0x007)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT, 0x008)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_INVALID_SIZE, 0x009)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_DEVICE_IN_USE, 0x00a)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_OPERATION_PENDING, 0x00b)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_THREAD_NOT_REGISTERED, 0x00c)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_EXCLUSIVE_MODE_NOT_ALLOWED, 0x00e)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_ENDPOINT_CREATE_FAILED, 0x00f)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_SERVICE_NOT_RUNNING, 0x010)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_EVENTHANDLE_NOT_EXPECTED, 0x011)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_EXCLUSIVE_MODE_ONLY, 0x012)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_BUFDURATION_PERIOD_NOT_EQUAL, 0x013)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_EVENTHANDLE_NOT_SET, 0x014)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_INCORRECT_BUFFER_SIZE, 0x015)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_SIZE_ERROR, 0x016)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_CPUUSAGE_EXCEEDED, 0x017)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_ERROR, 0x018)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_SIZE_NOT_ALIGNED, 0x019)
            JUCE_WASAPI_ERR (AUDCLNT_E_INVALID_DEVICE_PERIOD, 0x020)
            default: break;
        }

        Logger::writeToLog ("WASAPI error: " + (m != nullptr ? String (m)
                                                             : String::toHexString ((int) hr)));
    }
   #endif
}

#undef check

static bool check (HRESULT hr)
{
    logFailure (hr);
    return SUCCEEDED (hr);
}

//==============================================================================
}

#ifndef KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM
 #define KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM         uuidFromString ("00000001-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71")
 #define KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_IEEE_FLOAT  uuidFromString ("00000003-0000-0010-8000-00aa00389b71")
#endif

enum EDataFlow
{
    eRender = 0,
    eCapture = (eRender + 1),
    eAll = (eCapture + 1)
};

enum
{
    DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE = 1
};

enum
{
    AUDCLNT_BUFFERFLAGS_DATA_DISCONTINUITY = 1,
    AUDCLNT_BUFFERFLAGS_SILENT = 2
};

JUCE_IUNKNOWNCLASS (IPropertyStore, "886d8eeb-8cf2-4446-8d02-cdba1dbdcf99")
{
    JUCE_COMCALL GetCount (DWORD*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetAt (DWORD, PROPERTYKEY*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetValue (const PROPERTYKEY&, PROPVARIANT*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL SetValue (const PROPERTYKEY&, const PROPVARIANT&) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL Commit() = 0;
};

JUCE_IUNKNOWNCLASS (IMMDevice, "D666063F-1587-4E43-81F1-B948E807363F")
{
    JUCE_COMCALL Activate (REFIID, DWORD, PROPVARIANT*, void**) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL OpenPropertyStore (DWORD, IPropertyStore**) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetId (LPWSTR*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetState (DWORD*) = 0;
};

JUCE_IUNKNOWNCLASS (IMMEndpoint, "1BE09788-6894-4089-8586-9A2A6C265AC5")
{
    JUCE_COMCALL GetDataFlow (EDataFlow*) = 0;
};

struct IMMDeviceCollection : public IUnknown
{
    JUCE_COMCALL GetCount (UINT*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL Item (UINT, IMMDevice**) = 0;
};

enum ERole
{
    eConsole = 0,
    eMultimedia = (eConsole + 1),
    eCommunications = (eMultimedia + 1)
};

JUCE_IUNKNOWNCLASS (IMMNotificationClient, "7991EEC9-7E89-4D85-8390-6C703CEC60C0")
{
    JUCE_COMCALL OnDeviceStateChanged (LPCWSTR, DWORD) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL OnDeviceAdded (LPCWSTR) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL OnDeviceRemoved (LPCWSTR) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL OnDefaultDeviceChanged (EDataFlow, ERole, LPCWSTR) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL OnPropertyValueChanged (LPCWSTR, const PROPERTYKEY) = 0;
};

JUCE_IUNKNOWNCLASS (IMMDeviceEnumerator, "A95664D2-9614-4F35-A746-DE8DB63617E6")
{
    JUCE_COMCALL EnumAudioEndpoints (EDataFlow, DWORD, IMMDeviceCollection**) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetDefaultAudioEndpoint (EDataFlow, ERole, IMMDevice**) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetDevice (LPCWSTR, IMMDevice**) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL RegisterEndpointNotificationCallback (IMMNotificationClient*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL UnregisterEndpointNotificationCallback (IMMNotificationClient*) = 0;
};

JUCE_COMCLASS (MMDeviceEnumerator, "BCDE0395-E52F-467C-8E3D-C4579291692E");

using REFERENCE_TIME = LONGLONG;

enum AVRT_PRIORITY
{
    AVRT_PRIORITY_LOW = -1,
    AVRT_PRIORITY_NORMAL,
    AVRT_PRIORITY_HIGH,
    AVRT_PRIORITY_CRITICAL
};

enum AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE
{
    AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED,
    AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_EXCLUSIVE
};

enum AUDIO_STREAM_CATEGORY
{
    AudioCategory_Other = 0,
    AudioCategory_ForegroundOnlyMedia,
    AudioCategory_BackgroundCapableMedia,
    AudioCategory_Communications,
    AudioCategory_Alerts,
    AudioCategory_SoundEffects,
    AudioCategory_GameEffects,
    AudioCategory_GameMedia,
    AudioCategory_GameChat,
    AudioCategory_Speech,
    AudioCategory_Movie,
    AudioCategory_Media
};

struct AudioClientProperties
{
    UINT32                  cbSize;
    BOOL                    bIsOffload;
    AUDIO_STREAM_CATEGORY   eCategory;
};

JUCE_IUNKNOWNCLASS (IAudioClient, "1CB9AD4C-DBFA-4c32-B178-C2F568A703B2")
{
    JUCE_COMCALL Initialize (AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE, DWORD, REFERENCE_TIME, REFERENCE_TIME, const WAVEFORMATEX*, LPCGUID) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetBufferSize (UINT32*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetStreamLatency (REFERENCE_TIME*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetCurrentPadding (UINT32*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL IsFormatSupported (AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE, const WAVEFORMATEX*, WAVEFORMATEX**) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetMixFormat (WAVEFORMATEX**) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetDevicePeriod (REFERENCE_TIME*, REFERENCE_TIME*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL Start() = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL Stop() = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL Reset() = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL SetEventHandle (HANDLE) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetService (REFIID, void**) = 0;
};

JUCE_COMCLASS (IAudioClient2, "726778CD-F60A-4eda-82DE-E47610CD78AA") : public IAudioClient
{
    JUCE_COMCALL IsOffloadCapable (AUDIO_STREAM_CATEGORY, BOOL*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL SetClientProperties (const AudioClientProperties*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetBufferSizeLimits (const WAVEFORMATEX*, BOOL, REFERENCE_TIME*, REFERENCE_TIME*) = 0;
};

JUCE_COMCLASS (IAudioClient3, "1CB9AD4C-DBFA-4c32-B178-C2F568A703B2") : public IAudioClient2
{
    JUCE_COMCALL GetSharedModeEnginePeriod (const WAVEFORMATEX*, UINT32*, UINT32*, UINT32*, UINT32*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetCurrentSharedModeEnginePeriod (WAVEFORMATEX**, UINT32*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL InitializeSharedAudioStream (DWORD, UINT32, const WAVEFORMATEX*, LPCGUID) = 0;
};

JUCE_IUNKNOWNCLASS (IAudioCaptureClient, "C8ADBD64-E71E-48a0-A4DE-185C395CD317")
{
    JUCE_COMCALL GetBuffer (BYTE**, UINT32*, DWORD*, UINT64*, UINT64*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL ReleaseBuffer (UINT32) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetNextPacketSize (UINT32*) = 0;
};

JUCE_IUNKNOWNCLASS (IAudioRenderClient, "F294ACFC-3146-4483-A7BF-ADDCA7C260E2")
{
    JUCE_COMCALL GetBuffer (UINT32, BYTE**) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL ReleaseBuffer (UINT32, DWORD) = 0;
};

JUCE_IUNKNOWNCLASS (IAudioEndpointVolume, "5CDF2C82-841E-4546-9722-0CF74078229A")
{
    JUCE_COMCALL RegisterControlChangeNotify (void*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL UnregisterControlChangeNotify (void*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetChannelCount (UINT*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL SetMasterVolumeLevel (float, LPCGUID) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL SetMasterVolumeLevelScalar (float, LPCGUID) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetMasterVolumeLevel (float*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetMasterVolumeLevelScalar (float*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL SetChannelVolumeLevel (UINT, float, LPCGUID) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL SetChannelVolumeLevelScalar (UINT, float, LPCGUID) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetChannelVolumeLevel (UINT, float*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetChannelVolumeLevelScalar (UINT, float*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL SetMute (BOOL, LPCGUID) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetMute (BOOL*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetVolumeStepInfo (UINT*, UINT*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL VolumeStepUp (LPCGUID) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL VolumeStepDown (LPCGUID) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL QueryHardwareSupport (DWORD*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetVolumeRange (float*, float*, float*) = 0;
};

enum AudioSessionDisconnectReason
{
    DisconnectReasonDeviceRemoval         = 0,
    DisconnectReasonServerShutdown        = 1,
    DisconnectReasonFormatChanged         = 2,
    DisconnectReasonSessionLogoff         = 3,
    DisconnectReasonSessionDisconnected   = 4,
    DisconnectReasonExclusiveModeOverride = 5
};

enum AudioSessionState
{
    AudioSessionStateInactive = 0,
    AudioSessionStateActive   = 1,
    AudioSessionStateExpired  = 2
};

JUCE_IUNKNOWNCLASS (IAudioSessionEvents, "24918ACC-64B3-37C1-8CA9-74A66E9957A8")
{
    JUCE_COMCALL OnDisplayNameChanged (LPCWSTR, LPCGUID) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL OnIconPathChanged (LPCWSTR, LPCGUID) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL OnSimpleVolumeChanged (float, BOOL, LPCGUID) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL OnChannelVolumeChanged (DWORD, float*, DWORD, LPCGUID) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL OnGroupingParamChanged (LPCGUID, LPCGUID) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL OnStateChanged (AudioSessionState) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL OnSessionDisconnected (AudioSessionDisconnectReason) = 0;
};

JUCE_IUNKNOWNCLASS (IAudioSessionControl, "F4B1A599-7266-4319-A8CA-E70ACB11E8CD")
{
    JUCE_COMCALL GetState (AudioSessionState*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetDisplayName (LPWSTR*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL SetDisplayName (LPCWSTR, LPCGUID) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetIconPath (LPWSTR*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL SetIconPath (LPCWSTR, LPCGUID) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL GetGroupingParam (GUID*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL SetGroupingParam (LPCGUID, LPCGUID) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL RegisterAudioSessionNotification (IAudioSessionEvents*) = 0;
    JUCE_COMCALL UnregisterAudioSessionNotification (IAudioSessionEvents*) = 0;
};

} // namespace juce

#ifdef __CRT_UUID_DECL
__CRT_UUID_DECL (juce::IPropertyStore,        0x886d8eeb, 0x8cf2, 0x4446, 0x8d, 0x02, 0xcd, 0xba, 0x1d, 0xbd, 0xcf, 0x99)
__CRT_UUID_DECL (juce::IMMDevice,             0xD666063F, 0x1587, 0x4E43, 0x81, 0xF1, 0xB9, 0x48, 0xE8, 0x07, 0x36, 0x3F)
__CRT_UUID_DECL (juce::IMMEndpoint,           0x1BE09788, 0x6894, 0x4089, 0x85, 0x86, 0x9A, 0x2A, 0x6C, 0x26, 0x5A, 0xC5)
__CRT_UUID_DECL (juce::IMMNotificationClient, 0x7991EEC9, 0x7E89, 0x4D85, 0x83, 0x90, 0x6C, 0x70, 0x3C, 0xEC, 0x60, 0xC0)
__CRT_UUID_DECL (juce::IMMDeviceEnumerator,   0xA95664D2, 0x9614, 0x4F35, 0xA7, 0x46, 0xDE, 0x8D, 0xB6, 0x36, 0x17, 0xE6)
__CRT_UUID_DECL (juce::MMDeviceEnumerator,    0xBCDE0395, 0xE52F, 0x467C, 0x8E, 0x3D, 0xC4, 0x57, 0x92, 0x91, 0x69, 0x2E)
__CRT_UUID_DECL (juce::IAudioClient,          0x1CB9AD4C, 0xDBFA, 0x4c32, 0xB1, 0x78, 0xC2, 0xF5, 0x68, 0xA7, 0x03, 0xB2)
__CRT_UUID_DECL (juce::IAudioClient2,         0x726778CD, 0xF60A, 0x4eda, 0x82, 0xDE, 0xE4, 0x76, 0x10, 0xCD, 0x78, 0xAA)
__CRT_UUID_DECL (juce::IAudioClient3,         0x1CB9AD4C, 0xDBFA, 0x4c32, 0xB1, 0x78, 0xC2, 0xF5, 0x68, 0xA7, 0x03, 0xB2)
__CRT_UUID_DECL (juce::IAudioCaptureClient,   0xC8ADBD64, 0xE71E, 0x48a0, 0xA4, 0xDE, 0x18, 0x5C, 0x39, 0x5C, 0xD3, 0x17)
__CRT_UUID_DECL (juce::IAudioRenderClient,    0xF294ACFC, 0x3146, 0x4483, 0xA7, 0xBF, 0xAD, 0xDC, 0xA7, 0xC2, 0x60, 0xE2)
__CRT_UUID_DECL (juce::IAudioEndpointVolume,  0x5CDF2C82, 0x841E, 0x4546, 0x97, 0x22, 0x0C, 0xF7, 0x40, 0x78, 0x22, 0x9A)
__CRT_UUID_DECL (juce::IAudioSessionEvents,   0x24918ACC, 0x64B3, 0x37C1, 0x8C, 0xA9, 0x74, 0xA6, 0x6E, 0x99, 0x57, 0xA8)
__CRT_UUID_DECL (juce::IAudioSessionControl,  0xF4B1A599, 0x7266, 0x4319, 0xA8, 0xCA, 0xE7, 0x0A, 0xCB, 0x11, 0xE8, 0xCD)
#endif

//==============================================================================
namespace juce
{
namespace WasapiClasses
{

static String getDeviceID (IMMDevice* device)
{
    String s;
    WCHAR* deviceId = nullptr;

    if (check (device->GetId (&deviceId)))
    {
        s = String (deviceId);
        CoTaskMemFree (deviceId);
    }

    return s;
}

static EDataFlow getDataFlow (const ComSmartPtr<IMMDevice>& device)
{
    EDataFlow flow = eRender;
    if (auto endpoint = device.getInterface<IMMEndpoint>())
        (void) check (endpoint->GetDataFlow (&flow));

    return flow;
}

static int refTimeToSamples (const REFERENCE_TIME& t, double sampleRate) noexcept
{
    return roundToInt (sampleRate * ((double) t) * 0.0000001);
}

static REFERENCE_TIME samplesToRefTime (int numSamples, double sampleRate) noexcept
{
    return (REFERENCE_TIME) ((numSamples * 10000.0 * 1000.0 / sampleRate) + 0.5);
}

static void copyWavFormat (WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE& dest, const WAVEFORMATEX* src) noexcept
{
    memcpy (&dest, src, src->wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE ? sizeof (WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE)
                                                                  : sizeof (WAVEFORMATEX));
}

static bool isExclusiveMode (WASAPIDeviceMode deviceMode) noexcept
{
    return deviceMode == WASAPIDeviceMode::exclusive;
}

static bool isLowLatencyMode (WASAPIDeviceMode deviceMode) noexcept
{
    return deviceMode == WASAPIDeviceMode::sharedLowLatency;
}

static bool supportsSampleRateConversion (WASAPIDeviceMode deviceMode) noexcept
{
    return deviceMode == WASAPIDeviceMode::shared;
}

//==============================================================================
struct WASAPIDeviceBaseDelegate
{
    virtual ~WASAPIDeviceBaseDelegate() = default;
    virtual void deviceOpened (IMMDevice*) = 0;
    virtual void deviceSampleRateChanged (IMMDevice*) = 0;
    virtual void deviceSessionBecameInactive (IMMDevice*) = 0;
    virtual void deviceSessionExpired (IMMDevice*) = 0;
    virtual void deviceSessionBecameActive (IMMDevice*) = 0;
};

class WASAPIDeviceBase
{
public:
    WASAPIDeviceBase (const ComSmartPtr<IMMDevice>& d,
                      WASAPIDeviceMode mode,
                      WASAPIDeviceBaseDelegate& delegateIn)
        : device (d),
          deviceMode (mode),
          delegate (delegateIn)
    {
        clientEvent = CreateEvent (nullptr, false, false, nullptr);

        ComSmartPtr<IAudioClient> tempClient (createClient());

        if (tempClient == nullptr)
            return;

        auto format = getClientMixFormat (tempClient);

        if (! format)
            return;

        defaultNumChannels = maxNumChannels = format->Format.nChannels;
        defaultSampleRate = format->Format.nSamplesPerSec;
        rates.addUsingDefaultSort (defaultSampleRate);
        defaultFormatChannelMask = format->dwChannelMask;

        if (isExclusiveMode (deviceMode))
            if (auto optFormat = findSupportedFormat (tempClient, defaultNumChannels, defaultSampleRate))
                format = optFormat;

        querySupportedBufferSizes (*format, tempClient);
        querySupportedSampleRates (*format, tempClient);
        maxNumChannels = queryMaxNumChannels (tempClient);
    }

    virtual ~WASAPIDeviceBase()
    {
        device = nullptr;
        CloseHandle (clientEvent);
    }

    bool isOk() const noexcept   { return defaultBufferSize > 0 && defaultSampleRate > 0; }

    bool openClient (const double newSampleRate, const BigInteger& newChannels, const int bufferSizeSamples)
    {
        sampleRate = newSampleRate;
        channels = newChannels;
        channels.setRange (maxNumChannels, channels.getHighestBit() + 1 - maxNumChannels, false);
        numChannels = channels.getHighestBit() + 1;

        if (numChannels == 0)
            return true;

        client = createClient();

        if (client == nullptr || ! tryInitialisingWithBufferSize (bufferSizeSamples))
            return false;

        delegate.deviceOpened (device);

        channelMaps.clear();

        for (int i = 0; i <= channels.getHighestBit(); ++i)
            if (channels[i])
                channelMaps.add (i);

        REFERENCE_TIME latency;

        if (check (client->GetStreamLatency (&latency)))
            latencySamples = refTimeToSamples (latency, sampleRate);

        (void) check (client->GetBufferSize (&actualBufferSize));
        createSessionEventCallback();
        return check (client->SetEventHandle (clientEvent));
    }

    void closeClient()
    {
        if (client != nullptr)
            client->Stop();

        // N.B. this is needed to prevent a double-deletion of the IAudioSessionEvents object
        // on older versions of Windows
        Thread::sleep (5);

        deleteSessionEventCallback();
        client = nullptr;
        ResetEvent (clientEvent);
    }

    void deviceSampleRateChanged()
    {
        delegate.deviceSampleRateChanged (device);
    }

    void deviceSessionBecameInactive()
    {
        delegate.deviceSessionBecameInactive (device);
    }

    void deviceSessionExpired()
    {
        delegate.deviceSessionExpired (device);
    }

    void deviceSessionBecameActive()
    {
        delegate.deviceSessionBecameActive (device);
    }

    std::optional<BigInteger> getDefaultLayout() const
    {
        if (countNumberOfBits ((uint64) defaultFormatChannelMask) == defaultNumChannels)
            return BigInteger ((int64) defaultFormatChannelMask);

        BigInteger integer;
        integer.setRange (0, defaultNumChannels, true);
        return integer;
    }

    //==============================================================================
    ComSmartPtr<IMMDevice> device;
    ComSmartPtr<IAudioClient> client;

    WASAPIDeviceMode deviceMode;

    WASAPIDeviceBaseDelegate& delegate;

    double sampleRate = 0, defaultSampleRate = 0;
    int numChannels = 0, actualNumChannels = 0, maxNumChannels = 0, defaultNumChannels = 0;
    int minBufferSize = 0, defaultBufferSize = 0, latencySamples = 0;
    int lowLatencyBufferSizeMultiple = 0, lowLatencyMaxBufferSize = 0;
    DWORD defaultFormatChannelMask = 0;
    Array<double> rates;
    HANDLE clientEvent = {};
    BigInteger channels;
    Array<int> channelMaps;
    UINT32 actualBufferSize = 0;
    int bytesPerSample = 0, bytesPerFrame = 0;

    virtual void updateFormat (bool isFloat) = 0;

private:
    //==============================================================================
    struct SessionEventCallback final : public ComBaseClassHelper<IAudioSessionEvents>
    {
        SessionEventCallback (WASAPIDeviceBase& d) : owner (d) {}

        JUCE_COMRESULT OnDisplayNameChanged (LPCWSTR, LPCGUID)                 override { return S_OK; }
        JUCE_COMRESULT OnIconPathChanged (LPCWSTR, LPCGUID)                    override { return S_OK; }
        JUCE_COMRESULT OnSimpleVolumeChanged (float, BOOL, LPCGUID)            override { return S_OK; }
        JUCE_COMRESULT OnChannelVolumeChanged (DWORD, float*, DWORD, LPCGUID)  override { return S_OK; }
        JUCE_COMRESULT OnGroupingParamChanged (LPCGUID, LPCGUID)               override { return S_OK; }

        JUCE_COMRESULT OnStateChanged (AudioSessionState state) override
        {
            switch (state)
            {
            case AudioSessionStateInactive:
                owner.deviceSessionBecameInactive();
                break;
            case AudioSessionStateExpired:
                owner.deviceSessionExpired();
                break;
            case AudioSessionStateActive:
                owner.deviceSessionBecameActive();
                break;
            }

            return S_OK;
        }

        JUCE_COMRESULT OnSessionDisconnected (AudioSessionDisconnectReason reason) override
        {
            if (reason == DisconnectReasonFormatChanged)
                owner.deviceSampleRateChanged();

            return S_OK;
        }

        WASAPIDeviceBase& owner;
        JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR (SessionEventCallback)
    };

    ComSmartPtr<IAudioSessionControl> audioSessionControl;
    ComSmartPtr<SessionEventCallback> sessionEventCallback;

    void createSessionEventCallback()
    {
        deleteSessionEventCallback();
        client->GetService (__uuidof (IAudioSessionControl),
                            (void**) audioSessionControl.resetAndGetPointerAddress());

        if (audioSessionControl == nullptr)
            return;

        sessionEventCallback = ComSmartPtr { new SessionEventCallback (*this), IncrementRef::no };
        audioSessionControl->RegisterAudioSessionNotification (sessionEventCallback);
    }

    void deleteSessionEventCallback()
    {
        if (audioSessionControl != nullptr && sessionEventCallback != nullptr)
            audioSessionControl->UnregisterAudioSessionNotification (sessionEventCallback);

        audioSessionControl = nullptr;
        sessionEventCallback = nullptr;
    }

    //==============================================================================
    ComSmartPtr<IAudioClient> createClient()
    {
        ComSmartPtr<IAudioClient> newClient;

        if (device != nullptr)
            logFailure (device->Activate (__uuidof (IAudioClient), CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER,
                                          nullptr, (void**) newClient.resetAndGetPointerAddress()));

        return newClient;
    }

    static std::optional<WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE> getClientMixFormat (ComSmartPtr<IAudioClient>& client)
    {
        WAVEFORMATEX* mixFormat = nullptr;

        if (! check (client->GetMixFormat (&mixFormat)))
            return {};

        WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE format{};

        copyWavFormat (format, mixFormat);
        CoTaskMemFree (mixFormat);

        return format;
    }

    //==============================================================================
    void querySupportedBufferSizes (WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE format, ComSmartPtr<IAudioClient>& audioClient)
    {
        if (isLowLatencyMode (deviceMode))
        {
            if (auto audioClient3 = audioClient.getInterface<IAudioClient3>())
            {
                UINT32 defaultPeriod = 0, fundamentalPeriod = 0, minPeriod = 0, maxPeriod = 0;

                if (check (audioClient3->GetSharedModeEnginePeriod ((WAVEFORMATEX*) &format,
                                                                    &defaultPeriod,
                                                                    &fundamentalPeriod,
                                                                    &minPeriod,
                                                                    &maxPeriod)))
                {
                    minBufferSize = (int) minPeriod;
                    defaultBufferSize = (int) defaultPeriod;
                    lowLatencyMaxBufferSize = (int) maxPeriod;
                    lowLatencyBufferSizeMultiple = (int) fundamentalPeriod;
                }
            }

            return;
        }

        REFERENCE_TIME defaultPeriod, minPeriod;

        if (! check (audioClient->GetDevicePeriod (&defaultPeriod, &minPeriod)))
            return;

        minBufferSize = refTimeToSamples (minPeriod, defaultSampleRate);
        defaultBufferSize = refTimeToSamples (defaultPeriod, defaultSampleRate);
    }

    void querySupportedSampleRates (WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE format, ComSmartPtr<IAudioClient>& audioClient)
    {
        for (auto rate : SampleRateHelpers::getAllSampleRates())
        {
            if (rates.contains (rate))
                continue;

            format.Format.nSamplesPerSec  = (DWORD) rate;
            format.Format.nAvgBytesPerSec = (DWORD) (format.Format.nSamplesPerSec * format.Format.nChannels * format.Format.wBitsPerSample / 8);

            WAVEFORMATEX* nearestFormat = nullptr;

            if (SUCCEEDED (audioClient->IsFormatSupported (isExclusiveMode (deviceMode) ? AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_EXCLUSIVE
                                                                                        : AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED,
                                                           (WAVEFORMATEX*) &format,
                                                           isExclusiveMode (deviceMode) ? nullptr
                                                                                        : &nearestFormat)))
            {
                if (nearestFormat != nullptr)
                    rate = (double) nearestFormat->nSamplesPerSec;

                if (! rates.contains (rate))
                    rates.addUsingDefaultSort (rate);
            }

            CoTaskMemFree (nearestFormat);
        }
    }

    struct AudioSampleFormat
    {
        bool useFloat;
        int  bitsPerSampleToTry;
        int  bytesPerSampleContainer;
    };

    static constexpr AudioSampleFormat formatsToTry[] =
    {
        { true,  32, 4 },
        { false, 32, 4 },
        { false, 24, 4 },
        { false, 24, 3 },
        { false, 20, 4 },
        { false, 20, 3 },
        { false, 16, 2 }
    };

    static std::optional<WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE> tryFormat (const AudioSampleFormat sampleFormat, IAudioClient* clientToUse,
                                                          WASAPIDeviceMode mode, int newNumChannels, double newSampleRate,
                                                          DWORD newMixFormatChannelMask)
    {
        WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE format;
        zerostruct (format);

        if (newNumChannels <= 2 && sampleFormat.bitsPerSampleToTry <= 16)
        {
            format.Format.wFormatTag = WAVE_FORMAT_PCM;
        }
        else
        {
            format.Format.wFormatTag = WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE;
            format.Format.cbSize = sizeof (WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE) - sizeof (WAVEFORMATEX);
        }

        format.Format.nSamplesPerSec       = (DWORD) newSampleRate;
        format.Format.nChannels            = (WORD) newNumChannels;
        format.Format.wBitsPerSample       = (WORD) (8 * sampleFormat.bytesPerSampleContainer);
        format.Samples.wValidBitsPerSample = (WORD) (sampleFormat.bitsPerSampleToTry);
        format.Format.nBlockAlign          = (WORD) (format.Format.nChannels * format.Format.wBitsPerSample / 8);
        format.Format.nAvgBytesPerSec      = (DWORD) (format.Format.nSamplesPerSec * format.Format.nBlockAlign);
        format.SubFormat                   = sampleFormat.useFloat ? KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_IEEE_FLOAT : KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM;
        format.dwChannelMask               = newMixFormatChannelMask;

        WAVEFORMATEX* nearestFormat = nullptr;

        HRESULT hr = clientToUse->IsFormatSupported (isExclusiveMode (mode) ? AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_EXCLUSIVE
                                                                            : AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED,
                                                     (WAVEFORMATEX*) &format,
                                                     isExclusiveMode (mode) ? nullptr
                                                                            : &nearestFormat);
        logFailure (hr);

        auto supportsSRC = supportsSampleRateConversion (mode);

        if (hr == S_FALSE
            && nearestFormat != nullptr
            && (format.Format.nSamplesPerSec == nearestFormat->nSamplesPerSec
                || supportsSRC))
        {
            copyWavFormat (format, nearestFormat);

            if (supportsSRC)
            {
                format.Format.nSamplesPerSec  = (DWORD) newSampleRate;
                format.Format.nAvgBytesPerSec = (DWORD) (format.Format.nSamplesPerSec * format.Format.nBlockAlign);
            }

            hr = S_OK;
        }

        CoTaskMemFree (nearestFormat);

        if (hr != S_OK)
            return {};

        return format;
    }

    std::optional<WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE> findSupportedFormat (IAudioClient* clientToUse, int newNumChannels, double newSampleRate) const
    {
        for (auto ch = newNumChannels; ch <= maxNumChannels; ++ch)
        {
            auto maskWithLowestNBitsSet = static_cast<DWORD> ((1 << ch) - 1);
            auto mixFormatChannelMask = (ch == defaultNumChannels ? defaultFormatChannelMask : maskWithLowestNBitsSet);

            for (auto const& sampleFormat: formatsToTry)
                if (auto format = tryFormat (sampleFormat, clientToUse, deviceMode, ch, newSampleRate, mixFormatChannelMask))
                    return format;
        }

        return {};
    }

    int queryMaxNumChannels (IAudioClient* clientToUse) const
    {
        static constexpr auto maxNumChannelsToQuery = static_cast<int> (AudioChannelSet::maxChannelsOfNamedLayout);
        const auto fallbackNumChannels = defaultNumChannels;

        if (fallbackNumChannels >= maxNumChannelsToQuery)
            return fallbackNumChannels;

        auto result = fallbackNumChannels;

        for (auto ch = maxNumChannelsToQuery; ch > result; --ch)
        {
            auto channelMask = static_cast<DWORD> ((1 << ch) - 1);

            for (auto rate : rates)
                for (auto const& sampleFormat: formatsToTry)
                    if (auto format = tryFormat (sampleFormat, clientToUse, deviceMode, ch, rate, channelMask))
                        result = jmax (static_cast<int> (format->Format.nChannels), result);
        }

        return result;
    }

    DWORD getStreamFlags() const
    {
        DWORD streamFlags = 0x40000; /*AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_EVENTCALLBACK*/

        if (supportsSampleRateConversion (deviceMode))
            streamFlags |= (0x80000000    /*AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_AUTOCONVERTPCM*/
                            | 0x8000000); /*AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_SRC_DEFAULT_QUALITY*/

        return streamFlags;
    }

    bool initialiseLowLatencyClient (int bufferSizeSamples, WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE format)
    {
        if (auto audioClient3 = client.getInterface<IAudioClient3>())
            return check (audioClient3->InitializeSharedAudioStream (getStreamFlags(),
                                                                     (UINT32) bufferSizeSamples,
                                                                     (WAVEFORMATEX*) &format,
                                                                     nullptr));

        return false;
    }

    bool initialiseStandardClient (int bufferSizeSamples, WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE format)
    {
        REFERENCE_TIME defaultPeriod = 0, minPeriod = 0;

        check (client->GetDevicePeriod (&defaultPeriod, &minPeriod));

        if (isExclusiveMode (deviceMode) && bufferSizeSamples > 0)
            defaultPeriod = jmax (minPeriod, samplesToRefTime (bufferSizeSamples, format.Format.nSamplesPerSec));

        for (;;)
        {
            GUID session;
            auto hr = client->Initialize (isExclusiveMode (deviceMode) ? AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_EXCLUSIVE
                                                                       : AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED,
                                          getStreamFlags(),
                                          defaultPeriod,
                                          isExclusiveMode (deviceMode) ? defaultPeriod : 0,
                                          (WAVEFORMATEX*) &format,
                                          &session);

            if (check (hr))
                return true;

            // Handle the "alignment dance" : http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/dd370875(v=vs.85).aspx (see Remarks)
            if (hr != MAKE_HRESULT (1, 0x889, 0x19)) // AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_SIZE_NOT_ALIGNED
                break;

            UINT32 numFrames = 0;
            if (! check (client->GetBufferSize (&numFrames)))
                break;

            // Recreate client
            client = nullptr;
            client = createClient();

            defaultPeriod = samplesToRefTime ((int) numFrames, format.Format.nSamplesPerSec);
        }

        return false;
    }

    bool tryInitialisingWithBufferSize (int bufferSizeSamples)
    {
        auto format = findSupportedFormat (client, numChannels, sampleRate);

        if (! format.has_value())
            return false;

        auto isInitialised = isLowLatencyMode (deviceMode) ? initialiseLowLatencyClient (bufferSizeSamples, *format)
                                                           : initialiseStandardClient   (bufferSizeSamples, *format);

        if (! isInitialised)
            return false;

        actualNumChannels  = format->Format.nChannels;
        const bool isFloat = format->Format.wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE && format->SubFormat == KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_IEEE_FLOAT;
        bytesPerSample     = format->Format.wBitsPerSample / 8;
        bytesPerFrame      = format->Format.nBlockAlign;

        updateFormat (isFloat);

        return true;
    }

    JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR (WASAPIDeviceBase)
};

//==============================================================================
class WASAPIInputDevice final : public WASAPIDeviceBase
{
public:
    using WASAPIDeviceBase::WASAPIDeviceBase;

    ~WASAPIInputDevice() override
    {
        close();
    }

    bool open (double newSampleRate, const BigInteger& newChannels, int bufferSizeSamples)
    {
        return openClient (newSampleRate, newChannels, bufferSizeSamples)
                && (numChannels == 0 || check (client->GetService (__uuidof (IAudioCaptureClient),
                                                                   (void**) captureClient.resetAndGetPointerAddress())));
    }

    void close()
    {
        closeClient();
        captureClient = nullptr;
        reservoir.reset();
        queue = SingleThreadedAbstractFifo();
    }

    template <class SourceType>
    void updateFormatWithType (SourceType*) noexcept
    {
        using NativeType = AudioData::Pointer<AudioData::Float32, AudioData::NativeEndian, AudioData::NonInterleaved, AudioData::NonConst>;
        converter.reset (new AudioData::ConverterInstance<AudioData::Pointer<SourceType, AudioData::LittleEndian, AudioData::Interleaved, AudioData::Const>, NativeType> (actualNumChannels, 1));
    }

    void updateFormat (bool isFloat) override
    {
        if (isFloat)                    updateFormatWithType ((AudioData::Float32*) nullptr);
        else if (bytesPerSample == 4)   updateFormatWithType ((AudioData::Int32*)   nullptr);
        else if (bytesPerSample == 3)   updateFormatWithType ((AudioData::Int24*)   nullptr);
        else                            updateFormatWithType ((AudioData::Int16*)   nullptr);
    }

    bool start (int userBufferSizeIn)
    {
        const auto reservoirSize = nextPowerOfTwo ((int) (actualBufferSize + (UINT32) userBufferSizeIn));

        queue = SingleThreadedAbstractFifo (reservoirSize);
        reservoir.setSize ((size_t) (queue.getSize() * bytesPerFrame), true);
        xruns = 0;

        if (! check (client->Start()))
            return false;

        purgeInputBuffers();
        delegate.deviceSessionBecameActive (device);

        return true;
    }

    void purgeInputBuffers()
    {
        uint8* inputData;
        UINT32 numSamplesAvailable;
        DWORD flags;

        while (captureClient->GetBuffer (&inputData, &numSamplesAvailable, &flags, nullptr, nullptr) != MAKE_HRESULT (0, 0x889, 0x1) /* AUDCLNT_S_BUFFER_EMPTY */)
            captureClient->ReleaseBuffer (numSamplesAvailable);
    }

    int getNumSamplesInReservoir() const noexcept    { return queue.getNumReadable(); }

    void handleDeviceBuffer()
    {
        if (numChannels <= 0)
            return;

        uint8* inputData = nullptr;
        UINT32 numSamplesAvailable = 0;
        DWORD flags = 0;

        while (check (captureClient->GetBuffer (&inputData, &numSamplesAvailable, &flags, nullptr, nullptr)) && numSamplesAvailable > 0)
        {
            if ((flags & AUDCLNT_BUFFERFLAGS_DATA_DISCONTINUITY) != 0)
                xruns++;

            if (numSamplesAvailable > (UINT32) queue.getRemainingSpace())
            {
                captureClient->ReleaseBuffer (0);
                return;
            }

            auto offset = 0;

            for (const auto& block : queue.write ((int) numSamplesAvailable))
            {
                const auto samplesToDoBytes = block.getLength() * bytesPerFrame;

                auto* reservoirPtr = addBytesToPointer (reservoir.getData(), block.getStart() * bytesPerFrame);

                if ((flags & AUDCLNT_BUFFERFLAGS_SILENT) != 0)
                    zeromem (reservoirPtr, (size_t) samplesToDoBytes);
                else
                    memcpy (reservoirPtr, inputData + offset * bytesPerFrame, (size_t) samplesToDoBytes);

                offset += block.getLength();
            }

            captureClient->ReleaseBuffer (numSamplesAvailable);
        }
    }

    void copyBuffersFromReservoir (float* const* destBuffers, const int numDestBuffers, const int bufferSize)
    {
        if ((numChannels <= 0 && bufferSize == 0) || reservoir.isEmpty())
            return;

        auto offset = jmax (0, bufferSize - queue.getNumReadable());

        if (offset > 0)
            for (int i = 0; i < numDestBuffers; ++i)
                zeromem (destBuffers[i], (size_t) offset * sizeof (float));

        for (const auto& block : queue.read (jmin (queue.getNumReadable(), bufferSize)))
        {
            for (auto i = 0; i < numDestBuffers; ++i)
                converter->convertSamples (destBuffers[i] + offset,
                                           0,
                                           addBytesToPointer (reservoir.getData(), block.getStart() * bytesPerFrame),
                                           channelMaps.getUnchecked (i),
                                           block.getLength());

            offset += block.getLength();
        }
    }

    ComSmartPtr<IAudioCaptureClient> captureClient;
    MemoryBlock reservoir;
    SingleThreadedAbstractFifo queue;
    int xruns = 0;

    std::unique_ptr<AudioData::Converter> converter;

private:
    JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR (WASAPIInputDevice)
};

//==============================================================================
class WASAPIOutputDevice final : public WASAPIDeviceBase
{
public:
    using WASAPIDeviceBase::WASAPIDeviceBase;

    ~WASAPIOutputDevice() override
    {
        close();
    }

    bool open (double newSampleRate, const BigInteger& newChannels, int bufferSizeSamples)
    {
        return openClient (newSampleRate, newChannels, bufferSizeSamples)
                && (numChannels == 0 || check (client->GetService (__uuidof (IAudioRenderClient),
                                                                   (void**) renderClient.resetAndGetPointerAddress())));
    }

    void close()
    {
        closeClient();
        renderClient = nullptr;
    }

    template <class DestType>
    void updateFormatWithType (DestType*)
    {
        using NativeType = AudioData::Pointer<AudioData::Float32, AudioData::NativeEndian, AudioData::NonInterleaved, AudioData::Const>;
        converter.reset (new AudioData::ConverterInstance<NativeType, AudioData::Pointer<DestType, AudioData::LittleEndian, AudioData::Interleaved, AudioData::NonConst>> (1, actualNumChannels));
    }

    void updateFormat (bool isFloat) override
    {
        if (isFloat)                    updateFormatWithType ((AudioData::Float32*) nullptr);
        else if (bytesPerSample == 4)   updateFormatWithType ((AudioData::Int32*)   nullptr);
        else if (bytesPerSample == 3)   updateFormatWithType ((AudioData::Int24*)   nullptr);
        else                            updateFormatWithType ((AudioData::Int16*)   nullptr);
    }

    bool start()
    {
        auto samplesToDo = getNumSamplesAvailableToCopy();
        uint8* outputData;

        if (check (renderClient->GetBuffer ((UINT32) samplesToDo, &outputData)))
            renderClient->ReleaseBuffer ((UINT32) samplesToDo, AUDCLNT_BUFFERFLAGS_SILENT);

        if (! check (client->Start()))
            return false;

        delegate.deviceSessionBecameActive (device);

        return true;
    }

    int getNumSamplesAvailableToCopy() const
    {
        if (numChannels <= 0)
            return 0;

        if (! isExclusiveMode (deviceMode))
        {
            UINT32 padding = 0;

            if (check (client->GetCurrentPadding (&padding)))
                return (int) actualBufferSize - (int) padding;
        }

        return (int) actualBufferSize;
    }

    void copyBuffers (const float* const* srcBuffers, int numSrcBuffers, int bufferSize,
                      WASAPIInputDevice* inputDevice, Thread& thread)
    {
        if (numChannels <= 0)
            return;

        int offset = 0;

        while (bufferSize > 0)
        {
            // This is needed in order not to drop any input data if the output device endpoint buffer was full
            if ((! isExclusiveMode (deviceMode)) && inputDevice != nullptr
                  && WaitForSingleObject (inputDevice->clientEvent, 0) == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
                inputDevice->handleDeviceBuffer();

            int samplesToDo = jmin (getNumSamplesAvailableToCopy(), bufferSize);

            if (samplesToDo == 0)
            {
                // This can ONLY occur in non-exclusive mode
                if (! thread.threadShouldExit() && WaitForSingleObject (clientEvent, 1000) == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
                    continue;

                break;
            }

            if (isExclusiveMode (deviceMode) && WaitForSingleObject (clientEvent, 1000) == WAIT_TIMEOUT)
                break;

            const auto numChannelsToCopy = jmin (actualNumChannels, numSrcBuffers);
            jassert (numChannelsToCopy <= channelMaps.size());

            uint8* outputData = nullptr;
            if (check (renderClient->GetBuffer ((UINT32) samplesToDo, &outputData)))
            {
                for (int i = 0; i < numChannelsToCopy; ++i)
                    converter->convertSamples (outputData, channelMaps.getUnchecked (i), srcBuffers[i] + offset, 0, samplesToDo);

                renderClient->ReleaseBuffer ((UINT32) samplesToDo, 0);
            }

            bufferSize -= samplesToDo;
            offset += samplesToDo;
        }
    }

    ComSmartPtr<IAudioRenderClient> renderClient;
    std::unique_ptr<AudioData::Converter> converter;

private:
    JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR (WASAPIOutputDevice)
};

//==============================================================================
class WASAPIAudioIODevice final : public AudioIODevice,
                                  public Thread,
                                  private WASAPIDeviceBaseDelegate,
                                  private AsyncUpdater
{
public:
    WASAPIAudioIODevice (const String& deviceName,
                         const String& typeNameIn,
                         const String& outputDeviceID,
                         const String& inputDeviceID,
                         WASAPIDeviceMode mode)
        : AudioIODevice (deviceName, typeNameIn),
          Thread (SystemStats::getJUCEVersion() + ": WASAPI"),
          outputDeviceId (outputDeviceID),
          inputDeviceId (inputDeviceID),
          deviceMode (mode)
    {
    }

    ~WASAPIAudioIODevice() override
    {
        cancelPendingUpdate();
        close();
    }

    bool initialise()
    {
        latencyIn = latencyOut = 0;
        Array<double> ratesIn, ratesOut;

        if (createDevices())
        {
            jassert (inputDevice != nullptr || outputDevice != nullptr);

            sampleRates.clear();

            if (inputDevice != nullptr && outputDevice != nullptr)
            {
                defaultSampleRate = jmin (inputDevice->defaultSampleRate, outputDevice->defaultSampleRate);
                minBufferSize = jmax (inputDevice->minBufferSize, outputDevice->minBufferSize);
                defaultBufferSize = jmax (inputDevice->defaultBufferSize, outputDevice->defaultBufferSize);

                if (isLowLatencyMode (deviceMode))
                {
                    lowLatencyMaxBufferSize = jmin (inputDevice->lowLatencyMaxBufferSize, outputDevice->lowLatencyMaxBufferSize);
                    lowLatencyBufferSizeMultiple = jmax (inputDevice->lowLatencyBufferSizeMultiple, outputDevice->lowLatencyBufferSizeMultiple);
                }

                sampleRates.addArray (inputDevice->rates);

                if (supportsSampleRateConversion (deviceMode))
                {
                    for (auto r : outputDevice->rates)
                        if (! sampleRates.contains (r))
                            sampleRates.addUsingDefaultSort (r);
                }
                else
                {
                    sampleRates.removeValuesNotIn (outputDevice->rates);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                auto* d = inputDevice != nullptr ? static_cast<WASAPIDeviceBase*> (inputDevice.get())
                                                 : static_cast<WASAPIDeviceBase*> (outputDevice.get());

                defaultSampleRate = d->defaultSampleRate;
                minBufferSize = d->minBufferSize;
                defaultBufferSize = d->defaultBufferSize;

                if (isLowLatencyMode (deviceMode))
                {
                    lowLatencyMaxBufferSize = d->lowLatencyMaxBufferSize;
                    lowLatencyBufferSizeMultiple = d->lowLatencyBufferSizeMultiple;
                }

                sampleRates = d->rates;
            }

            bufferSizes.clear();
            bufferSizes.addUsingDefaultSort (defaultBufferSize);

            if (deviceMode == WASAPIDeviceMode::shared)
                return true;

            if (minBufferSize != defaultBufferSize)
                bufferSizes.addUsingDefaultSort (minBufferSize);

            if (isLowLatencyMode (deviceMode))
            {
                auto size = minBufferSize;

                while (size < lowLatencyMaxBufferSize)
                {
                    size += lowLatencyBufferSizeMultiple;

                    if (! bufferSizes.contains (size))
                        bufferSizes.addUsingDefaultSort (size);
                }
            }
            else
            {
                int n = 64;
                for (int i = 0; i < 40; ++i)
                {
                    if (n >= minBufferSize && n <= 2048 && ! bufferSizes.contains (n))
                        bufferSizes.addUsingDefaultSort (n);

                    n += (n < 512) ? 32 : (n < 1024 ? 64 : 128);
                }
            }

            return true;
        }

        return false;
    }

    StringArray getOutputChannelNames() override
    {
        if (outputDevice == nullptr)
            return {};

        StringArray outChannels;

        for (int i = 1; i <= outputDevice->maxNumChannels; ++i)
            outChannels.add ("Output channel " + String (i));

        return outChannels;
    }

    StringArray getInputChannelNames() override
    {
        if (inputDevice == nullptr)
            return {};

        StringArray inChannels;

        for (int i = 1; i <= inputDevice->maxNumChannels; ++i)
            inChannels.add ("Input channel " + String (i));

        return inChannels;
    }

    Array<double> getAvailableSampleRates() override        { return sampleRates; }
    Array<int> getAvailableBufferSizes() override           { return bufferSizes; }
    int getDefaultBufferSize() override                     { return defaultBufferSize; }

    int getCurrentBufferSizeSamples() override              { return currentBufferSizeSamples; }
    double getCurrentSampleRate() override                  { return currentSampleRate; }
    int getCurrentBitDepth() override                       { return 32; }
    int getOutputLatencyInSamples() override                { return latencyOut; }
    int getInputLatencyInSamples() override                 { return latencyIn; }
    BigInteger getActiveOutputChannels() const override     { return outputDevice != nullptr ? outputDevice->channels : BigInteger(); }
    BigInteger getActiveInputChannels() const override      { return inputDevice  != nullptr ? inputDevice->channels  : BigInteger(); }
    String getLastError() override                          { return lastError; }
    int getXRunCount() const noexcept override              { return inputDevice != nullptr ? inputDevice->xruns : -1; }

    std::optional<BigInteger> getDefaultOutputChannels() const override
    {
        return outputDevice != nullptr ? outputDevice->getDefaultLayout() : std::nullopt;
    }

    std::optional<BigInteger> getDefaultInputChannels() const override
    {
        return inputDevice != nullptr ? inputDevice->getDefaultLayout() : std::nullopt;
    }

    String open (const BigInteger& inputChannels, const BigInteger& outputChannels,
                 double sampleRate, int bufferSizeSamples) override
    {
        close();
        lastError.clear();

        if (sampleRates.size() == 0 && inputDevice != nullptr && outputDevice != nullptr)
        {
            lastError = TRANS ("The input and output devices don't share a common sample rate!");
            return lastError;
        }

        currentSampleRate = sampleRate > 0 ? sampleRate : defaultSampleRate;
        currentBufferSizeSamples = std::invoke ([&]
        {
            if (bufferSizeSamples <= 0)
                return defaultBufferSize;

            if (deviceMode == WASAPIDeviceMode::shared)
            {
                // In shared mode, the wakeup period is decided by the driver, frequently around 10ms
                return defaultBufferSize;
            }

            return jmax (bufferSizeSamples, minBufferSize);
        });

        lastKnownInputChannels    = inputChannels;
        lastKnownOutputChannels   = outputChannels;

        if (inputDevice != nullptr && ! inputDevice->open (currentSampleRate, inputChannels, bufferSizeSamples))
        {
            lastError = TRANS ("Couldn't open the input device!");
            return lastError;
        }

        if (outputDevice != nullptr && ! outputDevice->open (currentSampleRate, outputChannels, bufferSizeSamples))
        {
            close();
            lastError = TRANS ("Couldn't open the output device!");
            return lastError;
        }

        if (isExclusiveMode (deviceMode))
        {
            // This is to make sure that the callback uses actualBufferSize in case of exclusive mode
            if (inputDevice != nullptr && outputDevice != nullptr && inputDevice->actualBufferSize != outputDevice->actualBufferSize)
            {
                close();
                lastError = TRANS ("Couldn't open the output device (buffer size mismatch)");
                return lastError;
            }

            currentBufferSizeSamples = (int) (outputDevice != nullptr ? outputDevice->actualBufferSize
                                                                      : inputDevice->actualBufferSize);
        }

        if (inputDevice != nullptr)   ResetEvent (inputDevice->clientEvent);
        if (outputDevice != nullptr)  ResetEvent (outputDevice->clientEvent);

        flags.fetch_and (~(flagShutdown | flagInputSampleRateDidChange | flagOutputSampleRateDidChange),
                         std::memory_order_acq_rel);

        startThread (Priority::high);
        Thread::sleep (5);

        if (inputDevice != nullptr && inputDevice->client != nullptr)
        {
            latencyIn = (int) (inputDevice->latencySamples + currentBufferSizeSamples);

            if (! inputDevice->start (currentBufferSizeSamples))
            {
                close();
                lastError = TRANS ("Couldn't start the input device!");
                return lastError;
            }
        }

        if (outputDevice != nullptr && outputDevice->client != nullptr)
        {
            latencyOut = (int) (outputDevice->latencySamples + currentBufferSizeSamples);

            if (! outputDevice->start())
            {
                close();
                lastError = TRANS ("Couldn't start the output device!");
                return lastError;
            }
        }

        flags.fetch_or (flagOpen, std::memory_order_acq_rel);

        return lastError;
    }

    void close() override
    {
        stop();
        signalThreadShouldExit();

        if (inputDevice != nullptr)   SetEvent (inputDevice->clientEvent);
        if (outputDevice != nullptr)  SetEvent (outputDevice->clientEvent);

        stopThread (5000);

        if (inputDevice != nullptr)   inputDevice->close();
        if (outputDevice != nullptr)  outputDevice->close();

        // Background thread has stopped at this point
        flags.fetch_and (~flagOpen, std::memory_order_acq_rel);
    }

    bool isOpen() override
    {
        return ((flags.load (std::memory_order_acquire) & flagOpen) != 0) && isThreadRunning();
    }

    bool isPlaying() override
    {
        return ((flags.load (std::memory_order_acquire) & (flagOpen | flagStarted)) == (flagOpen | flagStarted)) && isThreadRunning();
    }

    void start (AudioIODeviceCallback* call) override
    {
        {
            const ScopedLock sl (startStopLock);

            if ((flags.load (std::memory_order_acquire) & (flagOpen | flagStarted)) != flagOpen || call == nullptr)
                return;

            if (! isThreadRunning())
            {
                // something's gone wrong and the thread's stopped
                flags.fetch_and (~flagOpen, std::memory_order_acq_rel);
                return;
            }
        }

        call->audioDeviceAboutToStart (this);

        {
            const ScopedLock sl (startStopLock);

            callback = call;
            flags.fetch_or (flagStarted, std::memory_order_acq_rel);
        }
    }

    void stop() override
    {
        auto* callbackLocal = std::invoke ([&]()
        {
            const ScopedLock sl (startStopLock);

            const auto wasStarted = (flags.fetch_and (~flagStarted, std::memory_order_acq_rel) & flagStarted) != 0;
            return wasStarted ? callback : nullptr;
        });

        if (callbackLocal != nullptr)
            callbackLocal->audioDeviceStopped();
    }

    void setMMThreadPriority()
    {
        DynamicLibrary dll ("avrt.dll");
        JUCE_LOAD_WINAPI_FUNCTION (dll, AvSetMmThreadCharacteristicsW, avSetMmThreadCharacteristics, HANDLE, (LPCWSTR, LPDWORD))
        JUCE_LOAD_WINAPI_FUNCTION (dll, AvSetMmThreadPriority, avSetMmThreadPriority, HANDLE, (HANDLE, AVRT_PRIORITY))

        if (avSetMmThreadCharacteristics == nullptr || avSetMmThreadPriority == nullptr)
            return;

        DWORD dummy = 0;

        if (auto h = avSetMmThreadCharacteristics (L"Pro Audio", &dummy))
            avSetMmThreadPriority (h, AVRT_PRIORITY_NORMAL);
    }

    void run() override
    {
        setMMThreadPriority();

        auto bufferSize        = currentBufferSizeSamples;
        auto numInputBuffers   = getActiveInputChannels().countNumberOfSetBits();
        auto numOutputBuffers  = getActiveOutputChannels().countNumberOfSetBits();

        AudioBuffer<float> ins  (jmax (1, numInputBuffers),  bufferSize + 32);
        AudioBuffer<float> outs (jmax (1, numOutputBuffers), bufferSize + 32);
        ins.clear();
        outs.clear();

        while (! threadShouldExit())
        {
            const auto loadedFlags = flags.load (std::memory_order_acquire);

            if ((loadedFlags & (flagShutdown | flagOutputSampleRateDidChange | flagInputSampleRateDidChange)) != 0)
            {
                triggerAsyncUpdate();
                break;
            }

            const auto inputDeviceActive  = (loadedFlags & flagInputIsActive) != 0;
            const auto outputDeviceActive = (loadedFlags & flagOutputIsActive) != 0;

            if (! inputDeviceActive && ! outputDeviceActive)
                continue;

            if (inputDeviceActive)
            {
                if (outputDevice == nullptr)
                {
                    if (WaitForSingleObject (inputDevice->clientEvent, 1000) == WAIT_TIMEOUT)
                        break;

                    inputDevice->handleDeviceBuffer();

                    if (inputDevice->getNumSamplesInReservoir() < bufferSize)
                        continue;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (isExclusiveMode (deviceMode) && WaitForSingleObject (inputDevice->clientEvent, 0) == WAIT_OBJECT_0)
                        inputDevice->handleDeviceBuffer();
                }

                inputDevice->copyBuffersFromReservoir (ins.getArrayOfWritePointers(), numInputBuffers, bufferSize);
            }

            {
                const ScopedTryLock sl (startStopLock);

                if (sl.isLocked() && (loadedFlags & flagStarted) != 0)
                {
                    callback->audioDeviceIOCallbackWithContext (ins.getArrayOfReadPointers(),
                                                                numInputBuffers,
                                                                outs.getArrayOfWritePointers(),
                                                                numOutputBuffers,
                                                                bufferSize,
                                                                {});
                }
                else
                {
                    outs.clear();
                }
            }

            if (outputDeviceActive)
            {
                // Note that this function is handed the input device so it can check for the event and make sure
                // the input reservoir is filled up correctly even when bufferSize > device actualBufferSize
                outputDevice->copyBuffers (outs.getArrayOfReadPointers(), numOutputBuffers, bufferSize, inputDevice.get(), *this);
            }
        }
    }

    //==============================================================================
    String outputDeviceId, inputDeviceId;
    String lastError;

private:
    void deviceOpened (IMMDevice* d) override
    {
        const auto newFlags = inputDevice == nullptr || inputDevice->device != d
                            ? ~flagOutputSampleRateDidChange
                            : ~flagInputSampleRateDidChange;
        flags.fetch_and (newFlags, std::memory_order_acq_rel);
    }

    void deviceSampleRateChanged (IMMDevice* d) override
    {
        const auto newFlags = inputDevice == nullptr || inputDevice->device != d
                            ? flagOutputSampleRateDidChange
                            : flagInputSampleRateDidChange;
        flags.fetch_or (newFlags, std::memory_order_acq_rel);
    }

    void deviceSessionBecameInactive (IMMDevice* d) override
    {
        const auto newFlags = inputDevice == nullptr || inputDevice->device != d
                            ? flagOutputIsActive
                            : flagInputIsActive;
        flags.fetch_and (~newFlags, std::memory_order_acq_rel);
    }

    void deviceSessionExpired (IMMDevice*) override
    {
        flags.fetch_or (flagShutdown, std::memory_order_acq_rel);
    }

    void deviceSessionBecameActive (IMMDevice* d) override
    {
        const auto newFlags = inputDevice == nullptr || inputDevice->device != d
                            ? flagOutputIsActive
                            : flagInputIsActive;
        flags.fetch_or (newFlags, std::memory_order_acq_rel);
    }

    std::atomic<int> flags { 0 };

    // Device stats...
    std::unique_ptr<WASAPIInputDevice> inputDevice;
    std::unique_ptr<WASAPIOutputDevice> outputDevice;
    WASAPIDeviceMode deviceMode;
    double defaultSampleRate = 0;
    int minBufferSize = 0, defaultBufferSize = 0;
    int lowLatencyMaxBufferSize = 0, lowLatencyBufferSizeMultiple = 0;
    int latencyIn = 0, latencyOut = 0;
    Array<double> sampleRates;
    Array<int> bufferSizes;

    enum Flags
    {
        flagOpen                        = 1 << 0,
        flagStarted                     = 1 << 1,
        flagShutdown                    = 1 << 2,

        flagInputSampleRateDidChange    = 1 << 3,
        flagInputIsActive               = 1 << 4,

        flagOutputSampleRateDidChange   = 1 << 5,
        flagOutputIsActive              = 1 << 6,
    };

    int currentBufferSizeSamples = 0;
    double currentSampleRate = 0;
    AudioIODeviceCallback* callback = {};
    CriticalSection startStopLock;

    BigInteger lastKnownInputChannels, lastKnownOutputChannels;

    //==============================================================================
    bool createDevices()
    {
        ComSmartPtr<IMMDeviceEnumerator> enumerator;

        if (! check (enumerator.CoCreateInstance (__uuidof (MMDeviceEnumerator))))
            return false;

        ComSmartPtr<IMMDeviceCollection> deviceCollection;

        if (! check (enumerator->EnumAudioEndpoints (eAll, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, deviceCollection.resetAndGetPointerAddress())))
            return false;

        UINT32 numDevices = 0;

        if (! check (deviceCollection->GetCount (&numDevices)))
            return false;

        for (UINT32 i = 0; i < numDevices; ++i)
        {
            ComSmartPtr<IMMDevice> device;

            if (! check (deviceCollection->Item (i, device.resetAndGetPointerAddress())))
                continue;

            auto deviceId = getDeviceID (device);

            if (deviceId.isEmpty())
                continue;

            auto flow = getDataFlow (device);

            if (deviceId == inputDeviceId && flow == eCapture)
                inputDevice.reset (new WASAPIInputDevice (device, deviceMode, *this));
            else if (deviceId == outputDeviceId && flow == eRender)
                outputDevice.reset (new WASAPIOutputDevice (device, deviceMode, *this));
        }

        return (outputDeviceId.isEmpty() || (outputDevice != nullptr && outputDevice->isOk()))
             && (inputDeviceId.isEmpty() || (inputDevice != nullptr && inputDevice->isOk()));
    }

    //==============================================================================
    void handleAsyncUpdate() override
    {
        auto closeDevices = [this]
        {
            close();

            outputDevice = nullptr;
            inputDevice = nullptr;
        };

        const auto prevFlags = flags.fetch_and (~(flagShutdown | flagInputSampleRateDidChange | flagOutputSampleRateDidChange),
                                                std::memory_order_acq_rel);

        if ((prevFlags & flagShutdown) != 0)
        {
            closeDevices();
            return;
        }

        if ((prevFlags & (flagInputSampleRateDidChange | flagOutputSampleRateDidChange)) == 0)
            return;

        const auto sampleRateChangedByInput = (prevFlags & flagInputSampleRateDidChange) != 0;

        closeDevices();
        initialise();

        auto changedSampleRate = std::invoke ([this, sampleRateChangedByInput]
        {
            if (inputDevice != nullptr && sampleRateChangedByInput)
                return inputDevice->defaultSampleRate;

            if (outputDevice != nullptr && ! sampleRateChangedByInput)
                return outputDevice->defaultSampleRate;

            return 0.0;
        });

        open (lastKnownInputChannels,
              lastKnownOutputChannels,
              changedSampleRate,
              currentBufferSizeSamples);

        start (callback);
    }

    //==============================================================================
    JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR (WASAPIAudioIODevice)
};


//==============================================================================
class WASAPIAudioIODeviceType final : public AudioIODeviceType
{
public:
    explicit WASAPIAudioIODeviceType (WASAPIDeviceMode mode)
        : AudioIODeviceType (getDeviceTypename (mode)),
          deviceMode (mode)
    {
    }

    ~WASAPIAudioIODeviceType() override
    {
        if (notifyClient != nullptr)
            enumerator->UnregisterEndpointNotificationCallback (notifyClient);
    }

    //==============================================================================
    void scanForDevices() override
    {
        hasScanned = true;
        devices = scan();
    }

    StringArray getDeviceNames (bool wantInputNames) const override
    {
        jassert (hasScanned); // need to call scanForDevices() before doing this

        return wantInputNames ? devices.inputDeviceNames
                              : devices.outputDeviceNames;
    }

    int getDefaultDeviceIndex (bool /*forInput*/) const override
    {
        jassert (hasScanned); // need to call scanForDevices() before doing this
        return 0;
    }

    int getIndexOfDevice (AudioIODevice* device, bool asInput) const override
    {
        jassert (hasScanned); // need to call scanForDevices() before doing this

        if (auto d = dynamic_cast<WASAPIAudioIODevice*> (device))
            return asInput ? devices.inputDeviceIds .indexOf (d->inputDeviceId)
                           : devices.outputDeviceIds.indexOf (d->outputDeviceId);

        return -1;
    }

    bool hasSeparateInputsAndOutputs() const override    { return true; }

    AudioIODevice* createDevice (const String& outputDeviceName,
                                 const String& inputDeviceName) override
    {
        jassert (hasScanned); // need to call scanForDevices() before doing this

        std::unique_ptr<WASAPIAudioIODevice> device;

        auto outputIndex = devices.outputDeviceNames.indexOf (outputDeviceName);
        auto inputIndex  = devices.inputDeviceNames .indexOf (inputDeviceName);

        if (outputIndex >= 0 || inputIndex >= 0)
        {
            device.reset (new WASAPIAudioIODevice (outputDeviceName.isNotEmpty() ? outputDeviceName
                                                                                 : inputDeviceName,
                                                   getTypeName(),
                                                   devices.outputDeviceIds[outputIndex],
                                                   devices.inputDeviceIds [inputIndex],
                                                   deviceMode));

            if (! device->initialise())
                device = nullptr;
        }

        return device.release();
    }

    //==============================================================================
    struct Devices
    {
        StringArray outputDeviceNames, outputDeviceIds;
        StringArray inputDeviceNames, inputDeviceIds;

        auto tie() const
        {
            return std::tie (outputDeviceNames, outputDeviceIds, inputDeviceNames, inputDeviceIds);
        }

        bool operator== (const Devices& other) const { return tie() == other.tie(); }
        bool operator!= (const Devices& other) const { return tie() != other.tie(); }
    };

    Devices devices;

private:
    DeviceChangeDetector deviceChangeDetector { L"Windows Audio", [this] { systemDeviceChanged(); } };
    WASAPIDeviceMode deviceMode;
    bool hasScanned = false;
    ComSmartPtr<IMMDeviceEnumerator> enumerator;

    //==============================================================================
    class ChangeNotificationClient final : public ComBaseClassHelper<IMMNotificationClient>
    {
    public:
        explicit ChangeNotificationClient (WASAPIAudioIODeviceType* d)
            : device (d) {}

        JUCE_COMRESULT OnDeviceAdded (LPCWSTR)                             override { return notify(); }
        JUCE_COMRESULT OnDeviceRemoved (LPCWSTR)                           override { return notify(); }
        JUCE_COMRESULT OnDeviceStateChanged (LPCWSTR, DWORD)               override { return notify(); }
        JUCE_COMRESULT OnDefaultDeviceChanged (EDataFlow, ERole, LPCWSTR)  override { return notify(); }
        JUCE_COMRESULT OnPropertyValueChanged (LPCWSTR, const PROPERTYKEY) override { return notify(); }

    private:
        WeakReference<WASAPIAudioIODeviceType> device;

        HRESULT notify()
        {
            if (device != nullptr)
                device->deviceChangeDetector.triggerAsyncDeviceChangeCallback();

            return S_OK;
        }

        JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR (ChangeNotificationClient)
    };

    ComSmartPtr<ChangeNotificationClient> notifyClient;

    //==============================================================================
    static String getDefaultEndpoint (IMMDeviceEnumerator* enumerator, bool forCapture)
    {
        String s;
        ComSmartPtr<IMMDevice> dev;

        if (check (enumerator->GetDefaultAudioEndpoint (forCapture ? eCapture : eRender,
                                                        eMultimedia, dev.resetAndGetPointerAddress())))
        {
            WCHAR* deviceId = nullptr;

            if (check (dev->GetId (&deviceId)))
            {
                s = deviceId;
                CoTaskMemFree (deviceId);
            }
        }

        return s;
    }

    //==============================================================================
    Devices scan()
    {
        if (enumerator == nullptr)
        {
            if (! check (enumerator.CoCreateInstance (__uuidof (MMDeviceEnumerator))))
                return {};

            notifyClient = ComSmartPtr (new ChangeNotificationClient (this), IncrementRef::no);
            enumerator->RegisterEndpointNotificationCallback (notifyClient);
        }

        auto defaultRenderer = getDefaultEndpoint (enumerator, false);
        auto defaultCapture  = getDefaultEndpoint (enumerator, true);

        ComSmartPtr<IMMDeviceCollection> deviceCollection;
        UINT32 numDevices = 0;

        if (! (check (enumerator->EnumAudioEndpoints (eAll, DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, deviceCollection.resetAndGetPointerAddress()))
                && check (deviceCollection->GetCount (&numDevices))))
            return {};

        Devices result;

        for (UINT32 i = 0; i < numDevices; ++i)
        {
            ComSmartPtr<IMMDevice> device;

            if (! check (deviceCollection->Item (i, device.resetAndGetPointerAddress())))
                continue;

            DWORD state = 0;

            if (! (check (device->GetState (&state)) && state == DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE))
                continue;

            auto deviceId = getDeviceID (device);
            String name;

            {
                ComSmartPtr<IPropertyStore> properties;

                if (! check (device->OpenPropertyStore (STGM_READ, properties.resetAndGetPointerAddress())))
                    continue;

                PROPVARIANT value;
                zerostruct (value);

                const PROPERTYKEY PKEY_Device_FriendlyName
                    = { { 0xa45c254e, 0xdf1c, 0x4efd, { 0x80, 0x20, 0x67, 0xd1, 0x46, 0xa8, 0x50, 0xe0 } }, 14 };

                if (check (properties->GetValue (PKEY_Device_FriendlyName, &value)))
                    name = value.pwszVal;

                PropVariantClear (&value);
            }

            auto flow = getDataFlow (device);

            if (flow == eRender)
            {
                const int index = (deviceId == defaultRenderer) ? 0 : -1;
                result.outputDeviceIds.insert (index, deviceId);
                result.outputDeviceNames.insert (index, name);
            }
            else if (flow == eCapture)
            {
                const int index = (deviceId == defaultCapture) ? 0 : -1;
                result.inputDeviceIds.insert (index, deviceId);
                result.inputDeviceNames.insert (index, name);
            }
        }

        result.inputDeviceNames .appendNumbersToDuplicates (false, false);
        result.outputDeviceNames.appendNumbersToDuplicates (false, false);

        return result;
    }

    //==============================================================================
    void systemDeviceChanged()
    {
        const auto newDevices = scan();

        if (std::exchange (devices, newDevices) != newDevices)
        {
            hasScanned = true;
            callDeviceChangeListeners();
        }
    }

    //==============================================================================
    static String getDeviceTypename (WASAPIDeviceMode mode)
    {
        if (mode == WASAPIDeviceMode::shared)            return "Windows Audio";
        if (mode == WASAPIDeviceMode::sharedLowLatency)  return "Windows Audio (Low Latency Mode)";
        if (mode == WASAPIDeviceMode::exclusive)         return "Windows Audio (Exclusive Mode)";

        jassertfalse;
        return {};
    }

    //==============================================================================
    JUCE_DECLARE_WEAK_REFERENCEABLE (WASAPIAudioIODeviceType)
    JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR (WASAPIAudioIODeviceType)
};

//==============================================================================
struct MMDeviceMasterVolume
{
    MMDeviceMasterVolume()
    {
        ComSmartPtr<IMMDeviceEnumerator> enumerator;

        if (check (enumerator.CoCreateInstance (__uuidof (MMDeviceEnumerator))))
        {
            ComSmartPtr<IMMDevice> device;

            if (check (enumerator->GetDefaultAudioEndpoint (eRender, eConsole, device.resetAndGetPointerAddress())))
                check (device->Activate (__uuidof (IAudioEndpointVolume), CLSCTX_INPROC_SERVER, nullptr,
                                         (void**) endpointVolume.resetAndGetPointerAddress()));
        }
    }

    float getGain() const
    {
        float vol = 0.0f;

        if (endpointVolume != nullptr)
            check (endpointVolume->GetMasterVolumeLevelScalar (&vol));

        return vol;
    }

    bool setGain (float newGain) const
    {
        return endpointVolume != nullptr
                && check (endpointVolume->SetMasterVolumeLevelScalar (jlimit (0.0f, 1.0f, newGain), nullptr));
    }

    bool isMuted() const
    {
        BOOL mute = 0;
        return endpointVolume != nullptr
                 && check (endpointVolume->GetMute (&mute)) && mute != 0;
    }

    bool setMuted (bool shouldMute) const
    {
        return endpointVolume != nullptr
                && check (endpointVolume->SetMute (shouldMute, nullptr));
    }

    ComSmartPtr<IAudioEndpointVolume> endpointVolume;

    JUCE_DECLARE_NON_COPYABLE_WITH_LEAK_DETECTOR (MMDeviceMasterVolume)
};

} // namespace WasapiClasses

//==============================================================================
#define JUCE_SYSTEMAUDIOVOL_IMPLEMENTED 1
float JUCE_CALLTYPE SystemAudioVolume::getGain()              { return WasapiClasses::MMDeviceMasterVolume().getGain(); }
bool  JUCE_CALLTYPE SystemAudioVolume::setGain (float gain)   { return WasapiClasses::MMDeviceMasterVolume().setGain (gain); }
bool  JUCE_CALLTYPE SystemAudioVolume::isMuted()              { return WasapiClasses::MMDeviceMasterVolume().isMuted(); }
bool  JUCE_CALLTYPE SystemAudioVolume::setMuted (bool mute)   { return WasapiClasses::MMDeviceMasterVolume().setMuted (mute); }

JUCE_END_IGNORE_WARNINGS_GCC_LIKE

} // namespace juce
